Learning about faceseffects of trustworthiness on affective evaluation

  1. Aguado Aguilar, Luis 1
  2. Román González, Francisco Javier 1
  3. Fernández Cahill, María 1
  4. Diéguez Risco, Teresa 1
  5. Romero Ferreiro, Verónica 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revue:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Année de publication: 2011

Volumen: 14

Número: 2

Pages: 523-534

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5209/REV_SJOP.2011.V14.N2.1 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Résumé

The results of two studies on the relationship between evaluations of trustworthiness, valence and arousal of faces are reported. In Experiment 1, valence and trustworthiness judgments of faces were positively correlated, while arousal was negatively correlated with both trustworthiness and valence. In Experiment 2, learning about faces based on their emotional expression and the extent to which this learning is influenced by perceived trustworthiness was investigated. Neutral faces of different models differing in trustworthiness were repeatedly associated with happy or with angry expressions and the participants were asked to categorize each neutral face as belonging to a “friend” or to an “enemy” based on these associations. Four pairing conditions were defined in terms of the congruency between trustworthiness level and expression: Trustworthy-congruent, trustworthy-incongruent, untrustworthy-congruent and untrustworthy-incongruent. Categorization accuracy during the learning phase and face evaluation after learning were measured. During learning, participants learned to categorize with similar efficiency trustworthy and untrustworthy faces as friends or enemies and thus no effects of congruency were found. In the evaluation phase, faces of enemies were rated as more negative and arousing than those of friends, thus showing that learning was effective to change the affective value of the faces. However, faces of untrustworthy models were still judged on average more negative and arousing than those of trustworthy ones. In conclusion, although face trustworthiness did not influence learning of associations between faces and positive or negative social information it did have a significant influence on face evaluation that was manifest even after that learning.

€ Voir financement

Information sur le financement

This research was supported by project PSI2010-18682 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

Financeurs

Références bibliographiques

  • Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H. (2006). Very first impressions. Emotions, 6, 269-278. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.269 (Pubitemid 44060362)
  • Blessing, A., Zölling, J., Dammann, G, & Martin, M. (2010). Accurate judgment by dementia patients of neutral faces with respect to trustworthiness and valence. The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 33-38. doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000001
  • Bliss-Moreau, E., Feldman Barrett, L., & Wright, C. (2008). Individual differences in learning the affective value of others under minimal conditions. Emotion, 8, 479-493. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.479
  • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276-298. doi:10.1037//1528-3542.1.3.276-298
  • De Houwer, J., Thomas, S., & Baeyens, F. (2001). Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 853-869. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127. 6.853 (Pubitemid 33646585)
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, arousal, and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Lundqvist, D., & Litton, J. E. (1998). The Averaged Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces. AKDEF, CD ROM from Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Section, Karolinska Institutet
  • Lundqvist, D., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (1999). The face of wrath: Critical features for conveying facial threat. Cognition & Emotion, 13, 691-711.
  • Oostcrhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 11087-11092. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105
  • Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2009). Shared perceptual basis of emotional expressions and trustworthiness impressions from faces. Emotion, 9, 128-133. doi:10.1037/a0014520
  • Russell, J. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161-1178. doi:10.1037/h0077714
  • Rydell, R. J., McConnell, A. R., Mackie, D. M., & Strain, L. M. (2006). Of two minds: Forming and changing valence inconsistent implicit and explicit attitudes. Psychological Science, 17, 954-958. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280. 2006.01811.x (Pubitemid 44879337)
  • Todorov, A. (2008). Evaluating faces on trustworthiness: An extension of systems for recognition of emotions signaling approach/avoidance behaviors. In A. Kingstone & M. Miller (Eds.), The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2008, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 208-224. (Pubitemid 351506789)
  • Todorov, A., Baron, S., & Oosterhof, N. N. (2008). Evaluating face trustworthiness: A model based approach. Social, Cognitive, & Affective Neuroscience, 5, 119-127. doi:10.1093/scan/nsn009 (Pubitemid 351827055)
  • Todorov, A., & Engell, A. (2008). The role of the amygdala in implicit evaluation of emotionally neutral faces. Social, Cognitive, & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 303-312. doi:10.1093/scan/nsn033
  • Todorov, A., & Olson, I. (2008). Robust learning of affective trait associations with faces when the hippocampus is damaged, but not when the amygdala and temporal pole are damaged. Social, Cognitive, & Affective Neuroscience, 3, 195-203. doi:10.1093/scan/nsn013
  • Todorov, A., Pakrashi, M., & Oosterhof, N. N. (2009). Evaluating faces on trustworthiness after minimal time exposure. Social Cognition, 27, 813-833. doi:10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.813
  • Winston, J., Strange, B., O'Doherty, J., & Dolan, R. (2002). Automatic and intentional brain responses during evaluation of trustworthiness of face. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 277-283. doi:10.1038/nn816 (Pubitemid 34171143)
  • Wyer, N. (2010). You never get a second chance to make a first (implicit) impression: The role of elaboration in the formation and revision of implicit impressions. Social Cognition, 28, 1-19. doi:10.1521/soco.2010.28.1.1
  • Zebrowitz, L. A. (2004). The origins of first impressions. Journal of Cultural and Evolutionary Psychology, '2, 93-108. doi:10.1556/JCEP.2.2004.1-2.6
  • Zebrowitz, L. A., Fellous, J. M., Mignault, A., & Andreoletti, C. (2003) Trait impressions as overgeneralized responses to adaptively significant facial qualities: Evidence from connectionist modeling. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 194-215. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0703-01 (Pubitemid 36891962)
La source de données: Dialnet