Minding the mind and the “mental” in mental health care: An introduction to the philosophy of mental health and the therapeutic models.

  1. Miguel Núñez de Prado-Gordillo 1
  2. Jesús Alonso-Vega 1
  3. Ricardo de Pascual Verdú 2
  4. Gladis L. Pereira 1
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

  2. 2 Universidad Europea de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Europea de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04dp46240

Libro:
Aproximaciones al Estudio del Comportamiento y sus Aplicaciones. Vol. III
  1. Vicente Pérez Fernández (coord.)

Editorial: UNED

ISBN: 978-84-362-7714-2

Año de publicación: 2022

Páginas: 15-80

Tipo: Capítulo de Libro

Resumen

Approaching the intricated and convoluted history of the mental healthdisciplines (or the psy-disciplines, as they have also been called) is definitely notan easy nor straightforward task. On the one hand, their actual history (i.e., thehistory of the actual development of mental health institutions and practices,of their darker and lighter figures, as well as of the users and survivors of suchinstitutions and practices) is a shadowy one —to say the least. Heroes andvillains merge constantly; Enlighted chain-breakers soon turn into perverseengineers of contemporary forms of social control (Foucault, 1961/1965; Szasz,1961/1974); charitable and open-minded leaders are revealed as unscrupulousabettors of monstruous intervention procedures (Ghaemi, 2010, Chapter 1;Scull & Schulkin, 2009); and cold-hearted, mindless behavior analysts arevindicated as deeply committed critical thinkers (Goddard, 2014).

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alexander, S. (1966). Space, Time, and Deity: The Gifford Lectures at Glasgow 1916-1918. Palgrave Macmillan. (Original work published 1920).
  • Almagro, M. (2021). Seeing hate from afar: the concept of affective polarization reassessed. (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de Granada).
  • Almagro, M. & Fernández-Castro, V. (2019). The social cover view: a non-epistemic approach to mindreading. Philosophia, 48, 483-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-019-00096-2
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
  • Andreasen, N. C. (1997). Linking mind and brain in the study of mental illnesses: a project for a scientific psychopathology. Science, 275(5306), 1586-1593. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5306.1586 — (2001). Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome. Oxford University Press.
  • Avramides, A. (2020). Other minds. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Winter 2020 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entries/other-minds/
  • Ayllon, T, & Haughton, E. (1964). Modification of symptomatic verbal behaviour of mental patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(64)90001-4
  • Ayllon, T., & Michael, J. (1959). The psychiatric nurse as a behavioral engineer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2(4), 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1959.2-323
  • Banner, N. F., & Thornton, T. (2007). The new philosophy of psychiatry: its (recent) past, present and future: a review of the Oxford University Press series International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-2-9
  • Bar-On, D., & Sias, J. (2013). Varieties of expressivism. Philosophy Compass, 8(8), 699- 713. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12051
  • Baum, W. M. (2011). What is radical behaviorism? A review of Jay Moore's Conceptual Foundations of Radical Behaviorism. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 95(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2011.95-119
  • Beck, A. T. (1963). Thinking and depression: I. Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions. Archives of general psychiatry, 9(4), 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1963.01720160014002 — (1964). Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Archives of general psychiatry, 10(6), 561-571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720240015003
  • Bedau, M. A. (1997). Weak emergence. Philosophical perspectives, 11, 375- 399. https://doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.31.s11.17
  • Bedau, M. A., & Humphreys, P. E. (2008). Emergence: Contemporary readings in philosophy and science. MIT press.
  • Bickle, J. (1992). Revisionary physicalism. Biology and Philosophy, 7(4), 411-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130060
  • Block, N. (1995). The mind as the software of the brain. In E. E. Smith & D. N. Osherson (Eds.), Thinking: An invitation to cognitive science (pp. 377-425). The MIT Press.
  • Block, N. J., & Fodor, J. A. (1972). What psychological states are not. Philosophical Review, 81(2), 159–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183991
  • Bolton, D. (2013). What is mental illness? In K. W. M. Fulford, M. Davies, R. Gipps, G. Graham, J. Sadler, G. Stanghellini, & T. Thornton (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry (pp. 434-450). Oxford University Press.
  • Bolton, D., & Gillett, G. (2019). The biopsychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11899-0
  • Boorse, C. (1975). On the distinction between disease and illness. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 5(1), pp. 49-68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2265020 — (2014). A second rebuttal on health. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 39(6), 683- 724. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhu035
  • Borgoni, C. (2019). Authority and Attribution: The Case of Epistemic Injustice in SelfKnowledge. Philosophia, 47, 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-018-0002-x
  • Bortolotti, L. (2010). Delusions and other irrational beliefs. Oxford University Press.
  • Broad, C. D. (1925). The Mind and its Place in Nature. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Carruthers, P. (2013). On Knowing Your Own Beliefs: A Representationalist Account. In N. Nottelman (ed.) New essays on belief (pp. 145-165). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Carruthers, P., & Smith, P. K. (1996). Theories of theories of mind. Cambridge University Press.
  • Chemero, A. (2009). Radical embodied cognitive science. MIT Press.
  • Chiesa, M. (1994). Radical behaviorism: The philosophy and the science. Authors Cooperative.
  • Churchland, P. M. (1981). Eliminative materialism and the propositional attitudes. The Journal of Philosophy, 78(2), 67-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025900
  • Churchland, P. S. (1986). Neurophilosophy: Toward a unified science of the mind-brain. MIT press.
  • Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58(1), 7-19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3328150
  • Coliva, A. (2016). The Varieties of Self-Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Cooper, R. (2017). Where’s the problem? Considering Laing and Esterson’s account of schizophrenia, social models of disability, and extended mental disorder. Theoretical medicine and bioethics, 38(4), 295-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-017-9413-0
  • Cornman, J. W. (1968). On the elimination of'sensations' and sensations. The Review of Metaphysics, 15-35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20124744
  • Corradini, A. & O’Connor, T. (2010). Emergence in science and philosophy. Routledge.
  • Cuthbert, B. N. (2014). The RDoC framework: facilitating transition from ICD/DSM to dimensional approaches that integrate neuroscience and psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20087
  • Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC. BMC medicine, 11(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-126
  • Davidson, D. (1991). Three varieties of knowledge. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements, 30, 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100007748 — (2001). Mental Events. In D. Davidson (Ed.), Essays on Actions and Events (pp. 207- 229). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1970).
  • De Haan, S. (2020a). An enactive approach to psychiatry. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 27(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2020.0001 — (2020b). Bio-psycho-social interaction: an enactive perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1830753
  • Dennett, D. C. (1988). Quining qualia. In A. J. Marcel & E. Bisiach (Eds.), Consciousness in contemporary science (pp. 42-77). Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press.
  • Descartes, R. (2008). Meditations on First Philosophy, with selections from the objections and replies (M. Moriarty, Ed., Trans.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1641).
  • Di Paolo, E. A., & Thompson, E. (2014). The enactive approach. In L. Shapiro (ed.), The Routledge handbook of embodied cognition (pp. 68-78). Routledge. Dings, R. (2020). Psychopathology, phenomenology and affordances. Phenomenology & Mind, 18, 56-66.
  • Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2010). Historical and philosophical bases of the cognitive-behavioral therapies. In K. S. Dobson (ed.), Handbook of cognitivebehavioral therapies (pp. 3-38). Guilford Press.
  • Dougher, M. J., & Hayes, S. C. (2000). Clinical Behavior Analysis. In M. J. Dougher (ed.), Clinical Behavior Analysis (pp. 11-25). Context Press.
  • Drayson, Z. (2009). Embodied cognitive science and its implications for psychopathology. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 16(4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.0.0261
  • Ellis, A. (1958). Rational Psychotherapy. The Journal of General Psychology, 59(1), 35- 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1958.9710170
  • Ellis, H. D. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Lyle Stuart. — (1998). Cognitive neuropsychiatry and delusional misidentification syndromes: an exemplary vindication of the new discipline. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 3(2), 81- 89. https://doi.org/10.1080/135468098396170
  • Engel, G. L. (1960). A unified concept of health and disease. Perspectives in biology and medicine, 3(4), 459-485. — (1977). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460 — (1978). The biopsychosocial model and the education of health professionals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 310(1), 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb22070.x — (1980). The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry, 13(5), 535-544. — (1997). From biomedical to biopsychosocial: Being scientific in the human domain. Psychosomatics, 38(6), 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(97)71396-3
  • Epstein, R., Lanza, R. P. & Skinner, B. F. (1980). Symbolic communication between two pigeons, (Columba livia domestica). Science, 207(4430), 543-545. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4430.543 — (1981). "Self-awareness" in the pigeon. Science, 212(4495), 695-696. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.212.4495.695
  • Feigl, H. (1958). The ‘mental’and the ‘physical’. Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, 2(2), 370-497. https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/184614
  • Fernández-Castro, V., & Heras-Escribano, M. (2020). Social Cognition: a normative approach. Acta Analytica, 35(1), 75-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12136-019-00388-y
  • Ferster, C. B. (1966). Animal behavior and mental illness. The Psychological Record, 16(3), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03393678
  • Feyerabend, P. K. (1963a). Comment: Mental events and the brain. The Journal of Philosophy, 60(11), 295-296. https://doi.org/10.2307/2023030 — (1963b). Materialism and the mind-body problem. The Review of Metaphysics, 49- 66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20123984
  • Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. MIT press. — (2006). The Language of Thought: First Approximations. In J. Bermúdez (ed.), Philosophy of Psychology: Contemporary Readings (pp. 101-126). Routledge.
  • Follette, W. C., Naugle, A. E., & Callaghan, G. M. (1996). A radical behavioral understanding of the therapeutic relationship in effecting change. Behavior therapy, 27(4), 623-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(96)80047-5
  • Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. (R. Howard, Trans.). Random House. (Original work published 1961).
  • Frápolli, M. J. & Villanueva, N. (2012), Minimal Expressivism. Dialectica, 66, 471- 487. https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12000
  • Froján-Parga, M. X. (coord.) (2020). Análisis funcional de la conducta humana: concepto, metodología y aplicaciones. Pirámide.
  • Fuchs, T. (2009). Embodied cognitive neuroscience and its consequences for psychiatry. Poiesis & Praxis, 6(3-4), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10202-008-0068-9
  • Fulford, K. W. M., Davies, M., Gipps, R., Graham, G., Sadler, J., Stanghellini, G., & Thornton, T. (eds.). (2013). The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford University Press.
  • Fulford, K. W. M. & Van Staden, C. W. (2013). Values-Based Practice: TopsyTurvy Take-Home Messages from Ordinary Language Philosophy (and a Few Next Steps). In K. W. M. Fulford, M. Davies, R. Gipps, G. Graham, J. Sadler, G. Stanghellini, & T. Thornton (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry (pp. 385-412). Oxford University Press.
  • Gallagher, S., & Varga, S. (2015). Social cognition and psychopathology: a critical overview. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20173
  • Ghaemi, S. N. (2009). The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(1), 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.063859 — (2010). The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Gibson, J. J. (2015). The ecological approach to visual perception. Psychology Press. (Original work published 1979).
  • Goddard, M. J. (2014). Critical Psychiatry, Critical Psychology, and the Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner. Review of General Psychology, 18(3), 208- 215. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000012
  • Graham, G. (2010). The disordered mind: An introduction to philosophy of mind and mental illness. Routledge.
  • Graham, G., & Stephens, G. L. (eds.). (1994). Philosophical psychopathology. MIT Press.
  • Guinther, P. M., & Dougher, M. J. (2013). From behavioral research to clinical therapy. In APA handbook of behavior analysis, Vol. 2: Translating principles into practice. (pp. 3-32). American Psychological Association.
  • Heras-Escribano, M. (2019). The philosophy of affordances. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Heras-Escribano, M., Noble, J., & De Pinedo, M. (2015). Enactivism, action and normativity: a Wittgensteinian analysis. Adaptive Behavior, 23(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712314557364
  • Heras-Escribano, M., & Pinedo-García, M. D. (2018). Naturalism, non-factualism, and normative situated behaviour. South African Journal of Philosophy, 37(1), 80-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2017.1422633
  • Hurley, S. (2001). Perception and action: alternative views. Synthese, 29, 3-40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012643006930
  • Hyland, P., & Boduszek, D. (2012). Resolving a difference between cognitive therapy and rational emotive behaviour therapy: Towards the development of an integrated CBT model of psychopathology. Mental Health Review Journal. 17(2). 104-116. https://doi.org/10.1108/13619321211270425
  • Insel, T. R., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2015). Brain disorders? Precisely. Science, 348(6234), 499-500. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2358
  • Insel, T. R., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., ... & Wang, P. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379
  • Irvine, E., & Sprevak, M. (2020). Eliminativism about consciousness. In U. Kriegel (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness (pp. 348-370) Oxford University Press.
  • Karasu, T. B. (1982). Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: Toward an integrative model. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(9), 1102-1113. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.139.9.1102
  • Kendell, (1975). The Concept of Disease and its Implications for Psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 305-315.
  • Kim, J. (1992). ‘Downward Causation’ in Emergentism and Nonreductive Physicalism. In A. Beckermann, H. Flohr, & J. Kim (eds.), Emergence or Reduction?. De Gruyter — (1993). The Nonreductivist’s Troubles with Mental Causation. In E. Sosa (ed.), Supervenience and mind (pp. 336-357). Cambridge University Press. — (2011). Philosophy of mind. Westview Press.
  • Kiverstein, J., & Clark, A. (2009). Introduction: Mind embodied, embedded, enacted: One church or many? Topoi, 28(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-008-9041-4
  • Klermans, G. L. (1978). The evolution of a scientific nosology. In J. C. Shershow (ed.). Schizophrenia, Science and Practice (pp. 248). Harvard University Press.
  • Kohlenberg, R. J., Tsai, M., & Dougher, M. J. (1993). The dimensions of clinical behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 16(2), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392636
  • Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., ... & Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of abnormal psychology, 126(4), 454- 477. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000258
  • Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., & Watson, D. (2018). A paradigm shift in psychiatric classification: The Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP). World Psychiatry, 17(1), 24–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20478
  • Kupfer, D. J., First, M. B., Regier, D. A. (2002). A Research Agenda For DSM-V. American Psychiatric Association.
  • Laing, R. (2010). The divided self: An existential study in sanity and madness. Penguin. (Original work published 1960).
  • Lazare, A. (1973). Hidden conceptual models in clinical psychiatry. New England Journal of Medicine, 288(7), 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197302152880705
  • Lewis, D. K. (1966). An argument for the identity theory. The Journal of Philosophy, 63(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/2024524 — (1980). Mad pain and Martian pain. In N. Block (ed.), Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology (pp. 216-222). Harvard University Press.
  • Lindsley, O. R. (1956). Operant conditioning methods applied to research in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatric Research Reports, 5, 118-139.
  • Lycan, W. G., & Pappas, G. S. (1972). What is eliminative materialism? Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 50(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048407212341181
  • MacCorquodale, K., & Meehl, P. E. (1948). On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. Psychological review, 55(2), 95- 107. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0056029
  • Madden, G. J., Hanley, G. P., & Dougher, M. J. (2016). Clinical behavior analysis. In J. C. Norcross, G. R. VandenBos, D. K. Freedheim, & M. M. Domenech Rodríguez (eds.). APA handbook of clinical psychology: Roots and branches, Vol. 1 (pp. 351-368). American Psychological Association.
  • Mahoney, M. J. (1974). Cognition and behavior modification. Ballinger. Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living. D. Reidel.
  • McDowell, J. (1994). The content of perceptual experience. The Philosophical Quarterly 44(175), 190-205. https://doi.org/10.2307/2219740 — (1996). Mind and world. Harvard University Press.
  • McGeer, V. (2007). The regulative dimension of folk psychology. In D. D. Hutto & M. Ratcliffe (Eds.), Folk psychology re-assessed (pp. 137-156). Springer.
  • McLaughlin, B. P. (2008). The rise and fall of British emergentism. In M. A. Bedau & P. Humphreys (Eds.), Emergence: Contemporary readings in philosophy and science (pp. 19–59). MIT Press. (Original work published 1992) https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262026215.003.0003
  • Moncrieff, J. (2015). The myths and realities of drug treatment for mental disorders. The Behavior Therapist, 38, 214-218. https://www.madinamerica.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/11/Behavior-Therapist-Oct-2015.pdf
  • Moore, J. (2009). Why the radical behaviorist conception of private events is interesting, relevant, and important. Behavior and Philosophy, 21-37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41472420
  • Murphy, D. (2009). Psychiatry and the concept of disease as pathology. In M. Broome & L. Bortolotti (Eds.), Psychiatry as cognitive neuroscience: philosophical perspectives, (pp. 103-117). Oxford University Press. — (2013). The medical model and the philosophy of science. In K. W. M. Fulford,
  • M. Davies, R. Gipps, G. Graham, J. Sadler, G. Stanghellini, & T. Thornton (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry (pp. 966-986). Oxford University Press. — (2020). Philosophy of psychiatry. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2020 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/psychiatry/
  • Nöe, A. (2001). Experience and the active mind. Synthese, 129, 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012695023768 — (2004). Action in perception. The MIT Press. O'Connor, T. (1994). Emergent properties. American Philosophical Quarterly, 31(2), 91- 104. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20014490 — (2020). Emergent Properties. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2020 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/properties-emergent
  • O'Connor, T., & Wong, H. Y. (2005). The metaphysics of emergence. Noûs, 39(4), 658- 678. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3506115
  • O'Regan, J. K. & Noë, A. (2001). A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), 939-1031. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X01000115
  • Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2012). Third-generation therapies: Achievements and challenges. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 12(2), 291-310. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33723643008
  • Pérez-Navarro, E., Fernández-Castro, V., González de Prado-Salas, J., & Heras-Escribano, M. (2019). Not expressivist enough: Normative disagreement about belief attribution. Res Philosophica, 96(4), 409-430. https://doi.org/10.11612/resphil.1794
  • Pinedo-García, M. (2014). ¡No es un algo, pero tampoco es una nada! Mente y normatividad. Análisis, 1(1), 121-160. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_arif/a.rif.20141980 — (2020). Ecological psychology and enactivism: A normative way out from ontological dilemmas. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1637. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01637
  • Pinedo-García, M., & Noble, J. (2008). Beyond persons: extending the personal/ subpersonal distinction to non-rational animals and artificial agents. Biology & Philosophy, 23(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-007-9077-7
  • Place, U. T. (1956). Is consciousness a brain process? British journal of psychology, 47(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1956.tb00560.x — (1988). Thirty years on-Is consciousness still a brain process? Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 66(2), 208-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048408812343291
  • Price, H., Blackburn, S., Brandom, R., Horwich, P., & Williams, M. (2013). Expressivism, pragmatism and representationalism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Poland, J., & Von Eckardt, B. (2013). Mapping the domain of mental illness. In K. W. M. Fulford, M. Davies, R. Gipps, G. Graham, J. Sadler, G. Stanghellini, & T. Thornton (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry (pp. 735-752). Oxford University Press.
  • Putnam, H. (1975). The nature of mental states. In H. Putnam (Ed.) Mind, language and reality: Philosophical Papers Volume 2 (pp. 429-440). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1967).
  • Rachlin, H. (1977a). A review of MJ Mahoney's Cognition and Behavior Modification. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10(2), 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1977.10-369 — (1977b). Reinforcing and punishing thoughts. Behavior Therapy, 8(4), 659– 665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80196-2
  • Ramsey, W., Stich, S., & Garan, J. (1990). Connectionism, eliminativism, and the future of folk psychology. In D. J. Cole, J. H. Fetzer & T. L. Rankin (eds.) Philosophy, Mind, and Cognitive Inquiry (pp. 117-144). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1882-5_5
  • Ramsey, W. (2020). Eliminative materialism. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2020 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/materialism-eliminative/
  • Roberts, T., Krueger, J., & Glackin, S. (2019). Psychiatry beyond the brain: Externalism, mental health, and autistic spectrum disorder. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 26(3), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2019.0030
  • Rorty, R. (1965). Mind-body identity, privacy, and categories. The Review of Metaphysics, 24-54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20124096 — (1970). In Defense of Eliminative Materialism. The Review of Metaphysics, 24(1), 112-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20125726 — (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton University Press.
  • Ryle, G. (2009). The concept of mind (J. Tanney, ed.). Routledge. (Original work published 1949).
  • Shapiro, L. (ed.). (2014). The Routledge handbook of embodied cognition. Routledge.
  • Savitt, S. (1975). Rorty's disappearance theory. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 28(6), 433-436. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4319001
  • Schaal D. W. (2005). Naming our concerns about neuroscience: a review of Bennett and Hacker's philosophical foundations of neuroscience. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 84(3), 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2005.83-05
  • Scheff, T. J. (1999). On being mentally ill: A sociological theory. Aldine de Gruyter (Original work published 1966). — (1974). The labelling theory of mental illness. American sociological review, 444-452. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094300
  • Schnaitter, R. (1984). Skinner on the «mental» and the «physical». Behaviorism, 12(1), 1-14. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27759032
  • Schwitzgebel, E. (2013). A dispositional approach to attitudes: Thinking outside of the belief box. In N. Nottelman (ed.) New essays on belief (pp. 75-99). Palgrave
  • Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137026521_5 — (2021). The Pragmatic Metaphysics of Belief. In C. Borgoni, D. Kindermann, & A. Onofri (eds.), The Fragmented Mind (pp. 350-375). Oxford University Press.
  • Scull, A., & Schulkin, J. (2009). Psychobiology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis: The Intersecting Careers of Adolf Meyer, Phyllis Greenacre, and Curt Richter. Medical History, 53(1), 5-36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002572730000329X
  • Shapiro, L. (2014). Elisabeth, Princess of Bohemia. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/elisabeth-bohemia/
  • Silberstein, M., & McGeever, J. (1999). The search for ontological emergence. The philosophical quarterly, 49(195), 201-214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2660261
  • Skinner, B. F. (1945). The operational analysis of psychological terms. Psychological Review, 52(5), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062535 — (1953). Science and Human Behavior. MacMillan. — (1974). About behaviorism. Knopf. — (1977). Why I am not a cognitive psychologist. Behaviorism, 5(2), 1-10. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27758892 — (1981). Selection by consequences. Science, 213(4507), 501-504. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7244649 — (1990). Can psychology be a science of mind? American Psychologist, 45(11), 1206- 1210. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.11.1206
  • Smart, J. J. (1959). Sensations and brain processes. The Philosophical Review, 68(2), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182164
  • Smart, J. J. (2017). The Mind/Brain Identity Theory. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Spring 2017 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/mind-identity/
  • Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Franchi, J. A. M. (2018). Medical and mental disorder: Proposed definition and criteria. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 176(7), 656-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2018.07.004 (Original work published 1978).
  • Stich, S. P. (1983). From folk psychology to cognitive science: The case against belief. the MIT press.
  • Stoljar, D. (2021). Physicalism. In E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2021 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/physicalism/
  • Sturmey, P. (Ed.). (2020). Functional analysis in clinical treatment. Academic Press.
  • Szasz, T. S. (1960). The myth of mental illness. American psychologist, 15(2), 113- 118. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046535 — (1974). The myth of mental illness: Foundations of a theory of personal conduct. Harper & Row. (Original work published 1961). — (1991). Against behaviorism. A review of BF Skinner’s About behaviorism. Psychological Notes 5, 1-2. (Original work published 1974). — (2011). The myth of mental illness: 50 years later. The Psychiatrist, 35(5), 179-182. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.031310
  • Tabb, K. (2015). Psychiatric progress and the assumption of diagnostic discrimination. Philosophy of Science, 82(5), 1047-1058. https://doi.org/10.1086/683439 — (2017). Philosophy of psychiatry after diagnostic kinds. Synthese, 196(6), 2177- 2195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1659-6 — (2020). Should Psychiatry Be Precise? Reduction, Big Data, and Nosological Revision in Mental Health Research. In K. Kendler, J. Parnas, & P. Zachar (eds.), Levels of Analysis in Psychopathology: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives (pp. 308-334). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108750349.028
  • Tanney, J. (2009). Rethinking Ryle: a critical discussion of The Concept of Mind. In Ryle, G. (J. Tanney, Ed.), The concept of mind (pp. ix – lvii). Routledge.
  • Thornton, T. (2007). Essential philosophy of psychiatry. Oxford University Press.
  • Van Oudenhove, L., & Cuypers, S. (2014). The relevance of the philosophical ‘mind– body problem’for the status of psychosomatic medicine: a conceptual analysis of the biopsychosocial model. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 17(2), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-013-9521-1
  • Van Praag, H. M. (1972). Biologic psychiatry in perspective: the dangers of sectarian ism in psychiatry. V. Some inferred trends. Comprehensive psychiatry, 13(5), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(72)90081-8
  • Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind. MIT Press.
  • Varela, F. & Thompson, E. (2003). Neural synchrony and the unity of mind: A neurophenomenological perspective. In A. Cleeremans (Ed.), The Unity of Consciousness. Oxford University Press.
  • Varga, S. (2015). Naturalism, interpretation, and mental disorder. Oxford University Press. — (2017). Mental disorder between naturalism and normativism. Philosophy Compass, 12(6), e12422. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12422
  • Villanueva, N. (2019). Descripciones y estados mentales. In J. J. Acero (Ed.), Guía Comares de Wittgenstein (pp. 145-170). Comares.
  • Von Bertalanffy, L. (1950). An outline of general system theory. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 1, 134-165. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/I.2.134 — (1968). General system theory. Geroge Braziller.
  • Wakefield, J. C. (1992). Disorder as harmful dysfunction: a conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder. Psychological review, 99(2), 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.2.232 — (2007). The concept of mental disorder: diagnostic implications of the harmful dysfunction analysis. World Psychiatry, 6(3), 149-156. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174594/
  • Walter, H. (2013). The third wave of biological psychiatry. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 582. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00582
  • Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428
  • Westra, E., & Carruthers, P. (2018). Theory of mind. In T.K. Shackelford & V.A.
  • Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer Dordrecht https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2376-1
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical Investigations (G.E.M. Anscombe, Trans.). Blackwell (Original work published 1953).
  • Zhong, L. (2019). Taking emergentism seriously. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 98(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2019.1589547