Evaluación y prescripción del salto vertical y horizontal en futbolistasRevisión narrativa

  1. Luis Miguel Fernández-Galván 1
  2. Arturo Casado 2
  3. Raúl Domínguez 3
  1. 1 Universitat Jaume I
    info

    Universitat Jaume I

    Castelló de la Plana, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02ws1xc11

  2. 2 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
    info

    Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01v5cv687

  3. 3 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Año de publicación: 2024

Número: 52

Páginas: 410-420

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resumen

Las acciones balísticas, tales como el salto, son determinantes en el resultado de un partido de fútbol. Por lo tanto, su evaluación, cuantificación y optimización podrían ser concluyentes para el deportista. El objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión narrativa ha sido detallar los tipos de saltos verticales y horizontales más usados y confiables para la evaluación de las acciones balísticas, exponiendo la definición de los protocolos y sugiriendo metodologías de entrenamiento basadas en la evidencia científica. La metodología siguió las recomendaciones PRISMA, para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Pubmed y Web of Science. Los resultados mostraron que el salto vertical y el salto con contra movimiento, son los saltos más utilizados para la evaluación y optimización del rendimiento, así como el salto horizontal con contra movimiento con las manos fijadas a la cintura y con las manos libres. Se ha observado correlaciones significativas con efectos moderados entre los valores de sprint de 5 m y 15 m con el salto vertical (r = -0,47 a -0,54; p < 0,01) y con el salto horizontal (r = -0,60 a -0,68; p < 0,01). Siendo el salto horizontal, mejor predictor en el sprint de 20 m que el salto vertical (r = -0,73 a -0,86 vs -0,52 a -0,73 p < 0,01). Por tanto, se concluye que la evaluación de la altura del salto vertical u horizontal puede ayudar a los profesionales del deporte a planificar los estímulos más apropiados para la optimización del rendimiento.

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