Análisis de las reglas en el contexto clínico

  1. Froxán Parga, María Xesús
  2. Pardo Cebrián, Rebeca
  3. Vargas de la Cruz, Ivette
  4. Linares Carmona, Francisco
Journal:
EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

ISSN: 1579-0207

Year of publication: 2011

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Pages: 135-154

Type: Article

More publications in: EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

Abstract

The study of rule-governed behavior began with the publication of Verbal Behaviour by Skinner, from which time evolution is seen in the study of rules both conceptual and experimental level, defining their form and function. Also the relevance of verbal behavior was reflected in the clinical context and rules acquired a fundamental role in explaining and treating psychological problems. This case study aims to approach and explore these rules in the therapist's verbalizations. We analyzed the case of a 32 years-old-woman attending counselling for marital problems. The therapist who performed the intervention was cognitive-behavioral and over 15 years of clinical experience. We used an observational methodology for the coding and analysis of the 10 sessions recordings of the clinical case and then we classified the rules according to the clinically relevant activities. In relation to the results, we found a specific pattern of rules depending on whether the clinician wants to assess, explain, treat or consolidate. Also, throughout the therapeutic process is a tendency for the clinician to make a general description of contingencies, possibly with the aim that the client is able to do these behaviors in a greater number of circumstances.

Bibliographic References

  • Bakeman, R. (2000). Behavioural observation and coding. En H. T. Reis, y C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 138-159). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Smeets, P. y Luciano, C. (2004). A derived transfer of mood functions equivalence relations. The Psychological Record, 54, 1, 95-113.
  • Catania, A. C. (1989). Rules as classes of verbal behavior: A reply to Glenn. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 7, 49-50.
  • Catania, A. C., Matthews, B. A., & Shimoff, E. (1982) Instructed versus shaped human verbal behavior: interactions with nonverbal responding. Journal of experimental analysis of behaviour. 38, 233-248.
  • Cerutti, D. T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51(2), 259-276.
  • Froján, M. X. y Calero, A. (en prensa). Guía para la utilización en terapia de la técnica de reestructuración cognitiva como un procedimiento de moldeamiento verbal. Psicología conductual.
  • Froján, M. X., Calero, A., Montaño, M. y Ruiz, E. (en prensa). Aproximación al estudio funcional de la interacción verbal entre terapeuta y cliente durante el proceso terapéutico. Clínica y Salud.
  • Froján, M. X., Calero, A., y Montaño, M. (2007). Procesos de aprendizaje en las técnicas de reestructuración semántica. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 32, 287-305.
  • Glenn, S. S. (1987) Rules as environmental events. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 29-32.
  • Hayes, S. C. y Hayes, L. J. (1989). The verbal action of the listener as basis for rulegovernance. En S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior. Cognition, contingencies and instructional control (pp. 153-190). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Hayes, S. C., Brownstein, A. J., Zettle, R. D., & Rosenfarb, I. (1986). Rule-governed behavior and sensitivity to changing consequences of responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45(3), 237-256.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D. y Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Nueva York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, S.C. (1987). A contextual approach to therapeutic change. En N. Jacobson (Ed.): Psychotherapists in clinical practice: cognitive and behavioral perspectives (pp.327-387). Nueva York: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, S.C. y Wilson, K.G. (1994). Acceptance and commitment therapy: altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289- 303.
  • Kanter, J.W., Cautilli, J. D., Busch, A.M., & Baruch, D.E. (2005). Toward a comprehensive functional analysis of depressive behavior: Five environmental factors and a possible sixth and seventh. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6(1), 65-81.
  • Kerr, K. P. J., & Keenan, M. (1997). Rules and rule-governance: New directions in the theoretical and experimental analysis of human behaviour. In K. Dillenburger, M. F. O’Reilly & M. Keenan (Eds.), Advances in behaviour analysis. (pp. 205-226). Dublin, Ireland: University College Dublin Press.
  • Kohlenberg, R.J. y Tsai, M. (2008). FAP. Psicoterapia analítica funcional. Creación de relaciones terapéuticas intensas y curativas. Málaga: Universidad de Málaga.
  • Landis, J.R. y Koch, G.G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159-174.
  • Martin, G. y Pear, J. (2007). Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It. New Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice Hall.
  • Matthews, B. A., Catania, A. C. Shimoff, E. (1985). Effects of uninstructed verbal behavior on nonverbal responding: contingency descriptions versus performance descriptions. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43, 155-164.
  • Matthews, B. A., Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Sagvolden, T. (1977). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity to ratio and interval contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 27(3), 453-467.
  • Montaño Fidalgo, M. (2008). Estudio observacional de la conducta verbal del psicólogo para el análisis del proceso terapéutico. Tesis doctoral no publicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.
  • Newman, B., Hemmes, N. S., Buffington, D. M. y Andreopoulos, S. (1994). The effects of schedules of reinforcement on instruction-following in human subjects with verbal and nonverbal stimuli. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 12, 31-41.
  • Overskeid, G. (1995). Cognitivist or behaviourist: Who can tell the difference? the case of implicit and explicit knowledge. British Journal of Psychology, 86(4), 517-522.
  • Plaud, J. y Plaud, D. (1998). Clinical Behavior Therapy and the experimental analysis of behavior. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54 (7), 905-921.
  • Poppen, R. L. (1989). Some Clinical Implications of Rule-Governed Behavior. En S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior. Cognition, contingencies and instructional control (pp. 325-357). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Es Reese, H. W. (1989). Rules and Rule-Governance: cognitive and behavioristic views. En S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior. Cognition, contingencies and instructional control (pp. 97-118). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Ribes, E. (1990) Problemas Conceptuales en el Análisis del Comportamiento Humano. México: Trillas
  • Schlinger, H. D. (1993). Separating discriminative and function-altering effects of verbal stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 16,9-23.
  • Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Matthews, B. A. (1981). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 36(2), 207-220.
  • Shimoff, E., Matthews, B. A., & Catania, A. C. (1986). Human operant performance: Sensitivity and pseudosensitivity to contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46(2), 149-157.
  • Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37(1), 5-22
  • Skinner, B. F. (1966). An operant analysis of problem solving. En B. Kleinmuntz (Ed.), Problem solving: research, method and theory (pp.225-257). Nueva York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Skinner, B.F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts.
  • Tonneau, F. (2001) Equivalence relations: A critical analysis. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 2, pp. 1-33.
  • Vaughan, M. E. (1989). Rule-governed behavior in behavior analysis: A theorical and experimental history. En S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior. Cognition, contingencies and instructional control (pp. 97-118). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Wilson, K. y Luciano, M. C. (2002). Terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT). Un tratamiento conductual orientado a los valores. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Wilson, K.G. y Blackledge, J.T. (2000). Recent developments in the behavioral analysis of language: making sense of clinical phenomena. En M.J. Dougher (Ed.): Clinical behavior analysis (pp. 27-46). Reno: Context Press.