Neuromejorade la vanguardia científica y tecnológica a las dificultades y límites planteados por la filosofía de la mente y la bioética
-
1
Universidad Europea de Madrid
info
ISSN: 2529-9573
Any de publicació: 2021
Títol de l'exemplar: Posthumanism, Transhumanism and Enhancement
Número: 16
Tipus: Article
Altres publicacions en: Revista Iberoamericana de Bioética
Resum
The biomedical applications of neuroscience are divided into those that use evaluative techniques and those that use interventional methods. Given the bio-psycho-social reach of these technologies, a philosophical and bioethical debate seems inevitable. Thus, from the philosophy of the mind, two main areas of reflection appear: conceptual problems on reading, control and mental transference, and the ontological difficulties related to the identity of the "Homo cyborg". Conversely, applied bioethics has been interested in two fundamental issues: the difference between treatment and neuronal enhancement, and the application of classical bioethical principles to neuroenhancement. Thus, applied neuroethics is proposed as a normative area from which to evaluate the use of neurotechnology.
Referències bibliogràfiques
- Álvarez-Díaz, J. A. (2013). Neuroética como neurociencia de la ética. Revista de Neurología, 57(08), 374. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5708.2013246
- Álvaro-González, L. C. (2014). Neuroética (I): circuitos morales en el cerebro normal. Revista de Neurología, 58(5), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5805.2013095
- Aum, D. J., & Tierney, T. S. (2018). Deep brain stimulation: foundations and future trends. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, 23(1), 162-182. https://doi.org/10.2741/4586
- Babiloni, F., Cincotti, F., Marciani, M., Salinari, S., Astolfi, L., Aloise, F., De Vico Fallani, F., & Mattia, D. (2009). On the use of brain-computer interfaces outside scientific laboratorios toward an application in domotic environments. International Review of Neurobiology, 86, 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(09)86010-8
- Baquerizo, M., y Astucuri, J. (2012). Neurobiología de la memoria y procesos neuroquímicos implicados. Apuntes de Ciencia y Sociedad, 2(2), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.18259/acs.2012018
- Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., y Paradiso, M. A. (2008). Neurociencias: la exploración del cerebro. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Beauchamp, T. L., y Childress, J. (1999). Principios de ética biomédica. Barcelona: Masson.
- Bockbrader, M. A., Francisco, G., Lee, R., Olson, J., Solinsky, R., & Boninger, M. L. (2018). Brain computer interfaces in rehabilitation medicine. PM R, 10(9), S233-S243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.028
- Bonete, E. (2010). Neuroética práctica. Bilbao: Desclée.
- Brasil-Neto, J. P., Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Sole, J., Cohen, L. G., & Hallet, M. (1992). Focal Trascranial magnetic stimulation and response bias in a forced-choice task. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 55, 964-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.10.964
- Brunet, A., Saumier, D., Liu, A., Streiner, D. L., Temblay, J., & Pitman, R. K. (2018). Reduction of PTSD symptoms with pre-reactivation propanolol therapy: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.1705048
- Casey, A., Azhar, H., Grzes, M., & Sakel, M. (2019). BCI controlled robotic arms as assistance to the rehabilitation of neurologically disabled patients. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 11, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1683239
- Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (1998). The Extended Mind. Analysis, 58(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/58.1.7
- Cortina, A. (2011). Neuroética y neuropolítica. Sugerencias para la educación moral. Madrid: Tecnos.
- Diéguez, A. (2017). Transhumanismo. La búsqueda tecnológica del mejoramiento humano. Barcelona: Herder Editorial.
- Edelman, G. M., y Tononi, G. (2000). El universo de la conciencia: cómo la materia se convierte en imaginación. Barcelona: Crítica.
- Elsahar, Y., Hu, S., Bouazza-Marouf, K., Kerr, D., & Mansor, Y. (2019). Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) advances: a review of configurations for individuals with a speech disability. Sensors, 19(8), 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081911
- Evers, K. (2011). Neuroética. Cuando la materia se despierta. Madrid: Katz Editores.
- Farah, M. J. (2005). Neuroethics: the practical and the philosophical. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.001
- Farwell, L. A., Smith, S. S. (2001). Using Brain MERMER Testing to Detect Knowledge Despite Efforts to Conceal. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS14925J
- Feito, L. (2015). Implicaciones de la neurociencia. Psicofármacos e identidad: entre la cultura y la biología. Pensamiento, 71(269), 1309-1321.
- Feito, L. (2018). La neuroética y la posibilidad de una mejora humana. Folia Humanística, 9, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.30860/0038
- Giordano, J. (2017). Progreso neurotecnológico. Necesidad de una neuroética. En El próximo paso: la vida exponencial. OpenMind BBVA. https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/BBVA-OpenMind-libro-El-proximo-paso-vida-exponencial1.pdf
- Gutiérrez-Martínez, J., Cantillo-Negrete, J., Cariño-Escobar, R., Elías-Viñas, D. (2013). Los sistemas de interfaz cerebro-computadora: una herramienta para apoyar la rehabilitación de pacientes con discapacidad motora. Investigación en discapacidad, 2(2), 62-69.
- Hampson, R. E., Song, D., Opris, I., Santos, L. M., Shin, D. C., Gerhardt, G. A., Marmarelis, V., Berger, T., & Deadwyler, S. (2013). Facilitation of memory encoding in primate hippocampus by a neuroprothesis that promotes task-specific neural firing. Journal of Neural Engineering, 10(6), 066013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/10/6/066013
- Hanson, R. (2017). Cuando los robots gobiernen la Tierra: el legado humano. En El próximo paso: la vida exponencial. OpenMind BBVA. https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/BBVA-OpenMind-libro-El-proximo-paso-vida-exponencial1.pdf
- Housley, W. J., Pitt, D., & Hafler, D. A. (2015). Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Immunology, 161(1), 51- 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.015
- Ienca, M., & Andorno, R. (2017). Towards new human rights in the age of neuroscience and neurotechnology. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 13, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-017-0050-1
- Jin, M. C., Medress, Z. A., Azad, T. D., Doulames, V. M., & Veeravagu, A. (2019). Stem cell therapies for acute spinal cord injury in humans: a review. Neurosurg Focus, 46(3), E10. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.12.FOCUS18602
- Juengst, E. T. (1998). What does enhancement mean? En E. Parens (ed.), Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications (pp. 29-47). Washington DC: GUP.
- Kamalian, S., & Lev, M. H. (2019). Stroke imaging. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 57(4), 717-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2019.02.001
- Kroes, M. C., Tendolkar, I., van Wingen, G. A., van Waarde, J. A., Strange, B., & Fernández, G. (2014). An electroconvulsive therapy procedure impairs reconsolidation of episodic memories in humans. Nature Neuroscience, 17(2), 204-206. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3609
- Kurzweil, R. (2012). La singularidad está cerca. Cuando los humanos trascendamos la biología. Berlín: Lola Books.
- Kwako, L. E., Bickel, W. K., & Goldman, D. (2018). Addiction biomarkers: dimensional approaches to understanding addiction. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 24(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mol¬med.2017.12.007
- Langleben, D. D., Schroeder, L., Maldjian, J. A., Gur, R. C., McDonald, S., Ragland, J. D., O’Brien, C. P., & Childress, A. R. (2002). Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study. NeuroImage, 15(3), 727-732. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.1003
- Lefaucheur, J. P. (2019). Transcranial magnetic stimulation. En Kerry H. Levin & Patrick Chauvel (eds.), Clinical Neurophysiology: Basis and Technical Aspects (pp. 559-580). Vol. 160. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00037-0
- Levy, N. (2014). Neuroética. Retos para el siglo XXI. Barcelona: Avarigani Editores.
- Lin, CH., &. Wu, R. M. (2015). Biomarkers of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Related Disorders, 21(5), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.02.010
- McColgan, P., & Tabrizi, S. J. (2019). Huntington’s disease: a clinical review. European Journal Neurology, 25(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13413
- Moravec, H. (1988). Mind children: the future of robot and human intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
- Pearce, D. (2007). The Abolitionist Proyect. https://www.hedweb.com/abolitionist-project/index.html
- Perkovic, M. N., & Pivac, N. (2019). Genetic markers of Alzheimer’s disease. In Y. K. Kim (eds.), Frontiers in Psychiatry. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (pp. 27-52). Vol. 1192. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_3
- Piedra, J. (2020). Una aproximación bioética a la mejora cognitiva en individuos sanos: “más no es mejor”. Revista latinoamericana de bioética, 19(37-2). https://doi.org/10.18359/rlbi.4292
- RAE. Cíborg. https://dle.rae.es/c%C3%ADborg
- Ribes, E. (2004). La psicología cognoscitiva y el conocimiento de otras mentes. Acta comportamentalia, 12, 7-21.
- Ricoeur, P. (1996). Sí mismo como otro. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
- Rodrigues-Amorim, D., Rivera-Baltanás, T., López, M., Spuch, C., Olivares, J. M., & Agís-Balboa, R. C. (2017). Schizophrenia: a review of potential biomarkers. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 93, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.009
- Rodríguez, J. M. (1969). El control físico de la mente. Barcelona: Espasa-Calpe.
- Rosenfeld, J. V., & Wong, Y. T. (2017). Neurobionics and the brain-computer interface: current applications and future horizons. Medical Journal of Australia, 206(8), 363-368. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.01011
- Roskies, A. (2002). Neuroethics for the new millenium. Neuron, 35, 21-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00763-8
- Rozan, V. C., Engracia, J., & Caldeira, J. H. (2014). A review of studies on neuromarketing: practical results, techniques, contributions and limitations. Journal of Management Research, 6(2), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v6i2.5446
- Sandel, M. (2015). Contra la perfección. La ética en la era de la ingeniería genética. Barcelona: Marbot Ediciones.
- Savulescu, J. (2012). ¿Decisiones peligrosas? Una bioética desafiante. Madrid: Tecnos.
- Savulescu, J., & Persson, I. (2008). The perils of cognitive enhancement and the urgent imperative to enhance the moral character of humanity. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3), 162-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2008.00410.x
- Sententia, W. (2004). Neuroethical considerations: cognitive liberty and converging technologies for improving human cognition. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences, 1013(1), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1305.014
- Shukla, G., Alexander, G. S., Bakas, S., Nikam, R., Talekar, K., Palmer, J. D., & Shi, W. (2017). Advanced magnetic resonance imaging in glioblastoma: a review. Chinese Clinical Oncology, 6(4), 40. https://doi.org/10.21037/cco.2017.06.28
- Sugaya, K., & Vaidya, M. (2018). Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In K. Mettinger., P. Rameshwar & V. Kumar (eds.), Exosomes, Stem Cells and MicroRNA. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (pp. 61-84). Vol. 1056. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_5
- The hedonistic imperative. https://www.hedweb.com/hedethic/tabconhi.htm
- Tirapu-Ustárruz, J., Pérez-Sayes, G., Erekatxo-Bilbao, M., Pelegrín-Valero, C. (2007). ¿Qué es la teoría de la mente? Revista de Neurología, 44(8), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4408.2006295