Efectividad de una intervención formativa en estudiantes de enfermería, sobre su percepción de competencia en seguridad del paciente

Abstract

Introduction: Health’s system needs well-trained professionals to meet the competing needs to offer a safe attention and high quality. Objective: The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the perception of competency in the matter of the Patients’ Security that nursing students have. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study, in which compared the effectiveness on the same individuals, 67 third-year nursing students of Guadalajara (Alcala de Henares University), evaluated before and later the educational intervention being applied in the matter of the Patients’ Security. The length of the intervention was two days. It consisted of an explanatory class with attendees’ interaction and the practical application of real case, using root cause analysis (RCA). The used tool was a questionnaire prepared individually, which was previously subjected to the validation process (reliability and validity) with 301 nursing students who belong to three different universities of the province of Madrid (Spain). The questionnaire’s content was validated by 5 experts specialized with the Patient’s Security, lecturing in the nursing school and quality intervention. Results: The exploratory factor analysis of questionnaire (confirmed through structural equation modeling) indicated the existence of three factors (dimensions) with the internal consistency superior to 0,7. Coincidence degree between the experts with the construct validity was 80%. The target students of the intervention sensed the Patient’s Security competencies in indeterminate way, increasing after the intervention, although not in all dimensions. In the scale of 1 to 5, the global average score of the questionnaire was of 3,39 (of a total of 0,24) before the intervention and 3,58 (of a total of 0,24) later. Before the intervention, students considered themselves competent with their knowledge in using material resources in favor of Patient’s Security, classifying the dimension as strength (items over 75% with score 4/5). It didn’t occurred same way with the perception obtained in proactive training and with the attitude before security failure, both of them classified as neutrals. However, the proactive training experienced a significant statistic improvement after the intervention (p<0,001). On the contrary, regarding the attitudes and beliefs facing the failure of the security, there was no significant change (p=0,054). And there was also significant difference between the importance given to the Patient’s Security (p=0,004) and the number of high risked medicaments identified by the students. (p=<0,001). Conclusion: Educational intervention had served for student to perceive greater competency in the Patient’s Security, but the attitude component needs a strong institutional and personal commitment along with all the educational procedure. The results could be appreciated in the long term