Consecuencias sobre la salud y la función respiratoria del tratamiento químico del agua en piscinas cubiertas

  1. Fernández Luna, Álvaro
  2. Burillo, Pablo
  3. Gallardo Guerrero, Leonor
  4. Ara Royo, Ignacio
Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Any de publicació: 2014

Número: 26

Pàgines: 75-83

Tipus: Article

Altres publicacions en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resum

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los tratamientos químicos del agua utilizados en piscinas cubiertas y los métodos para evaluar sus efectos en la función y aparato respiratorio de diferentes poblaciones asistentes a estas instalaciones. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas y libros sobre los tratamientos químicos en piscinas y sus efectos en la salud y la función respiratoria. Los tratamientos químicos en piscina basados en el cloro y el bromo generan subproductos de desinfección dañinos para el organismo (DBPs) como las cloraminas y los trihalomentanos (THM). Existen tratamientos alternativos como ultravioleta y ozono que reducen la formación de DBPs. Los métodos de evaluación utilizados para detectar enfermedades, daño pulmonar y de las vías respiratorias son las técnicas basadas en la espirometría, y el análisis de biomarcadores en plasma o suero sanguíneo (proteínas CC16, surfactantes A, B y D, Inmunoglobulina específica), aire exhalado (óxido nítrico, citoquinas), orina (CC16, leukotrieno B4), esputo o saliva (eosinofilos y linfocitos) y DBPs en aire exhalado, sangre u orina. Los efectos observados en las diferentes poblaciones han sido el aumento de la permeabilidad del epitelio pulmonar, la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y síntomas asociados al asma, hiper-reactividad bronquial y rinitis alérgica. Los efectos negativos detectados en el aparato respiratorio de las diferentes poblaciones en piscinas están relacionados con la exposición a productos químicos. Algunos Biomarcadores (como la proteína CC16) obtienen una mayor fiabilidad. Los tratamientos complementarios (ozono y ultravioleta) no han sido evaluados y pueden suponer una reducción en los problemas respiratorios de nadadores y trabajadores

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