Mecánica de las Lesiones en Miembro Inferior en Jugadores de Baloncesto

  1. Guillermo Muñoz 1
  1. 1 Universidad Europea de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Europea de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04dp46240

Revista:
Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

ISSN: 1579-5225

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 21

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

Resumen

En esta revisión sistemática se han analizado estudios de los últimos 10 años con el objetivo de valorar las lesiones más comunes en extremidades inferiores y los factores de riesgo asociados en la práctica del baloncesto según factores biomecánicos. Estas lesiones afectan especialmente en pretemporada y postemporada tanto a hombres como mujeres, aunque en ellas la incidencia es mayor. Esto puede deberse a un valgo mayor en comparación con los hombres, que supone menor estabilidad. En cuanto a las lesiones más frecuentes, destacan las de tobillo, donde el salto es el mecanismo que más afecta, y la rodilla, en la que influye la flexión y la rotación interna de la rodilla, además de la estabilidad al aterrizar. En la rodilla la lesión más frecuente es la del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), con incidencia superior en mujeres. Se suele dar al hacer una parada, cambio de dirección o aterrizaje. Asimismo, una ligera flexión de rodilla con rotación interna de la tibia y abducción de la rodilla desestabiliza la articulación y aumenta el riesgo de lesión en el LCA. Otros factores serían la rotación extrema del pie hacia el exterior y una elevación lateral de cadera.

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