Evolución de procesos técnicos en la creación escultórica de ojos hiperrealistasdesde las técnicas tradicionales hasta la creación digital

  1. Barranco Crespo, María Teresa 1
  2. Hernández-Muñoz, Óscar 2
  1. 1 Universidad Europea de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Europea de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04dp46240

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Tercio creciente

ISSN: 2340-9096

Year of publication: 2023

Issue Title: From technical processes to meaningful narratives

Issue: 23

Pages: 47-69

Type: Article

DOI: 10.17561/RTC.23.6977 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Tercio creciente

Abstract

The creation of human-like eyes has been a goal historically pursued from different fields of knowledge, evidenced by the many technical advances achieved in this field in disciplines as diverse as ophthalmology, sculpture, robotics, toy industry or special effects in film. Currently, the popularization of new 3D printing technologies has made possible the development of new workflows in hyperrealistic sculpture for the production of artificial eyes. The aim of this study was to analyze through a case study the advantages of using a mixed approach, incorporating traditional and digital techniques, oriented to the manufacture of resin eyes for figurative sculpture. The results obtained using this methodology have been fully satisfactory. The artificial eyes created have an extraordinary resemblance to humans and reflect the small volumetric and chromatic details with a greater precision than that which can be achieved using only artisanal techniques. The main conclusion of this work is that the use of 3D modeling and printing technologies can be useful to speed up the process of making these anatomical structures and improve their reliability as well as the repeatability and quality of the results.

Bibliographic References

  • Artopoulou, Ioli Ioanna, Montgomery, Patricia C., Wesley, Peggy J. y Lemon, James C. (2006). Digital imaging in the fabrication of ocular prostheses. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 95(4), 327-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.01.018
  • Ballestriero, Roberta. (2018). The Dead in Wax: Funeral Ceroplastics in the European 17th-18th Century Tradition. The University of Houston Libraries, 1(1), 13. https://uh-ir.tdl.org/handle/10657/3001
  • Barrio Olano, Maite, Berasain Salvarredi, Ion, Muñiz Petralanda, Jesús, Miguéliz Valcarlos, Ignacio, Timón Tiemblo, María Pía y Azua Brea, Itziar. (2016). Propuesta de evaluación cultural de Bienes Muebles de Patrimonio religioso. Ge-conservación, ISSN-e 1989-8568, No. 9, 2016, pág. 45, 9, 45. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5590160&info=resumen&idioma=SPA https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v9i0.327
  • Barrón García, Aurelio A. y Criado Mainar, Jesús. (2015). Bustos-relicario napolitanos de 1608 en la Colegiata de Borja. Cuadernos de Estudios Borjanos, 58, 73-113.
  • Bazarte Martínez, Alicia. (2006). Veneración de reliquias y cuerpos de cera en los días de los Fieles Difuntos y Todos Santos. Patrimonio cultural y turismo 16.
  • Cohen, Beth. (1991). Perikles’ Portrait and the Riace Bronzes: New Evidence for «Schinocephaly». The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 60(4), 465-502. https://doi.org/10.2307/148268
  • Enoch, Jay. (1999). First known lenses originating in Egypt about 4600 years ago. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 99, 303. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002747025372
  • Escudero-Villanueva, Alberto. (2017). Oculoplastia en la prehistoria y la antigüedad. Afecciones de párpados, órbita y vías lagrimales y su tratamiento antes de la caída del imperio romano de occidente [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid]. https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/681059
  • Foster, Karen Polinger. (2008). The Eyes of Nefertiti. En M. Ross (Ed.), From the banks of the Euphrates: Studies in honor of Alice Louise Slotsky. Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Hernigou, Philippe. (2013). Ambroise Paré’s life (1510-1590): part I. International Orthopaedics, 37(3), 543. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00264-013-1797-5
  • Hofree, Galit, Ruvolo, Paul, Bartlett, Marian Stewart y Winkielman, Piotr. (2014). Bridging the Mechanical and the Human Mind: Spontaneous Mimicry of a Physically Present Android. PLOS ONE, 9(7), e99934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099934
  • Howgrave-Graham, Robert Pickersgill. (1953). Royal portraits in effigy: some new discoveries in Westminster Abbey. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 101(4900), 465-474. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41365498
  • Iwao, Seiichi, Iyanaga, Teizō, Ishii, Susumu, Yoshida, Shōichirō, Fujimura, Jun, Fujimura, Michio, Yoshikawa, Itsuji, Akiyama, Terukazu y Iyanaga, Shōkichi. (1995). Dictionnaire historique du Japon (Vol. 20). Maison Franco-Japonaise. https://www.persee.fr/doc/dhjap_0000-0000_1995_dic_20_1_951_t1_0023_0000_4
  • Jain, Sidharth, Makkar, Sumit, Gupta, Sharad y Bhargava, Akshay. (2010). Prosthetic rehabilitation of ocular defect using digital photography: A case report. Journal of Indian Prosthodontist Society, 10(3), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13191-010-0027-8
  • Karydis, Christos, Kyriazi, Evangelia y Staka, Christina-Alkisti. (2021). Clothed wax effigies: construction materials, challenges and suggestions for preventive conservation. Conservar Património, 36, 62-81. https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2020006
  • Lucas, Alfred y Harris, John Richard. (2011). Ancient Egyptian materials and industries. Dover Publications.
  • Moghadasi, Abdorreza Naser. (2014). Artificial Eye in Burnt City and Theoretical Understanding of How Vision Works. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(11), 1595. /pmc/articles/PMC4449516/
  • Montiel Alvarez, Teresa. (2015). La muñeca a lo largo del siglo XIX. 19, 166-177. http://www.aacademica.org.
  • Navarro Guillen, Bernardino. (2019). La expresión del dolor en la imaginería religiosa. En Alejandro Cañestro Donoso (Ed.), SVMMA STVDIORUM SCVLPTORICAE In memoriam Dr. Lorenzo Hernández Guardiola (pp. 153-156). Instituto Alicantino de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7669799.pdf
  • Patil, Sanjayagouda, Meshramkar, Roseline, Naveen, Bandlar y Patil, Narendra. (2008). Ocular prosthesis: A brief review and fabrication of an ocular prosthesis for a geriatric patient. Gerodontology, 25(1), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00171.x
  • Raizada, Kuldeep y Rani, Deepa. (2007). Ocular prosthesis. En Contact Lens and Anterior Eye (Vol. 30, Número 3, pp. 152-162). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2007.01.002
  • Rickitt, Richard. (2006). Designing Movie Creatures And Characters: Behind the Scenes With the Movie Masters. 2006, 176. https://books.google.com/books/about/Designing_Movie_Creatures_and_Characters.html?hl=es&id=iLnhGidN8Y8C https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080927435
  • Riva, Alessandro, Conti, Gabriele, Solinas, Paola y Loy, Francesco. (2010). The evolution of anatomical illustration and wax modelling in Italy from the 16th to early 19th centuries. En Journal of Anatomy (Vol. 216, Número 2, pp. 209-222). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01157.x
  • Robson Strahlendorf, Evelyn y Tomlinson, Judy. (1990). Dolls of Canada : A Reference Guide. En University of Toronto Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universidadcomplutense-ebooks/reader.action?docID=4671438&ppg=10# https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442674028
  • Roda Peña, José. (2009). La escultura barroca del siglo XVIII en Andalucía occidental. Cuadernos de Estepa 4, 84-111. https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/30775/la escultura barroca del siglo xviii en Andalucía occidental.pdf?sequence=4
  • Rodríguez Simón, Luis Rodrigo. (2009). Los procedimientos técnicos en la escultura en madera policromada granadina. Cuadernos de Arte de la Universidad de Granada, 40, 457-479. https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/caug/article/view/278
  • Rühse, Viola. (2019). Duane hanson’s man on mower: A suburban american everybody in the mid-1990s. En Popularisation and Populism in the Visual Arts: Attraction Images (pp. 138-151). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429467882-10
  • Sánchez González, Linda N., Barceló Santana, Federico H., Jiménez Castillo, René y Alejandro Benavides Ríos, Ii. (2012). Revista Odontológica Mexicana Accelerated physical deterioration of in vitro ocular prostheses. Núm. 1 Enero-Marzo, 16, 14-17. www.medigraphic.org.mxhttp://www.medigraphic.com/facultadodontologiaunam https://doi.org/10.22201/fo.1870199xp.2012.16.1.30323
  • Sánchez Moreno, José. (1945). Vida y obra de Francisco Salzillo. En Vida y obra de Francisco Salzillo. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/6331/1/N 3 Vida y Obra de Francisco Salzillo.pdf
  • Sánchez Reyes, Gabriela, Velázquez Ramírez, José Luis y Montes Marrero, Ana Lucía. (2016). La radiología digital para relicarios de ceroplástica: estudio interdisciplinar para identificar el sistema constructivo y la ubicación de los restos óseos. Ge-conservación, ISSN-e 1989-8568, No. 10, 2016, págs. 54-65, 10, 54-65. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5764324&info=resumen&idioma=SPA https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v10i0.370
  • Scandellari, Filippo. (s. f.). Busto femenino en una urna - Colección - Museo Nacional del Prado. Recuperado 28 de octubre de 2021, de https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/busto-femenino-en-una-urna/3edbc47f-ea45-4b8a-9926-8d38ef9eda9e
  • Schneider, Sara. (1997). Body Design, Variable Realisms: The Case of Female Fashion Mannequins. Design Issues, 13(3), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511936
  • Seco Álvarez, Myriam, Ruiz Conde, Antonio, Villegas, María Ángeles y Sánchez Soto, Pedro José. (2003). El vidrio en la civilización egipcia. Descripción de piezas de vidrio del tipo incrustaciones de una colección de la Universidad de Sevilla. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 42(4), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2003.v42.i4.639
  • Shields, Carol, Shields, Jerry, Potter, Patrick De y Singh, Arun. (1994). Problems with the hydroxyapatite orbital implant: experience with 250 consecutive cases. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 78(9), 702-706. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJO.78.9.702
  • Spies-Gans, Paris Amanda. (2017). “The Fullest Imitation of Life”: Reconsidering Marie Tussaud, Artist-Historian of the French Revolution. Journal18, 3. https://doi.org/10.30610/3.2017.8
  • Staiti, Alana. (2020). Real Women, Normal Curves, and the Making of the American Fashion Mannequin, 1932-1946. 28(4), 403-431. https://doi.org/10.1353/con.2020.0029
  • Strege, Gayle. (1999). The art of selling: a history of visual merchandising. En Historic Costume & Textiles Collection. The Ohio State Univerity. https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/44670/Art_of_Selling_A_History_of_Visual_Merchandising_sm.pdf
  • Strudwick, Helen. (2016). La enciclopedia del Antiguo Egipto. Edimat Libros.
  • Suzuki, Hiroyuki. (2011). The Buddha of Kamakura and the “Modernization” of Buddhist Statuary in the Meiji Period. The Journal of Transcultural Studies, 2(1), 140-158. https://doi.org/10.11588/ts.2011.1.7332
  • The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (s. f.). Bronze portrait bust of a young boy. Recuperado 12 de noviembre de 2021, de https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/255215
  • Uda, Masayuki, Yoshimura, Shinobu, Ishizaki, Atsushi, Yamashita, Daisuke y Sakuraba, Y. (2007). Tutankhamun’s golden mask investigated with XRDF. International Journal of PIXE, 17(01n02), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001113
  • Walshaw, Emma Grace, Zoltie, Timothy, Bartlett, Paul y Gout, Taras. (2018). Manufacture of a high definition ocular prosthesis. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 56(9), 893-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.08.016
  • Wellington, Robert. (2017). Antoine Benoist’s Wax Portraits of Louis XIV. Journal18, 3. https://doi.org/10.30610/3.2017.6
  • Wijayasinghe, Indika B., Das, Sumit K., Miller, Haylie L., Bugnariu, Nicoleta L. y Popa, Dan O. (2019). Head-Eye Coordination of Humanoid Robot with Potential Controller. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, 94(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10846-018-0948-8
  • Zoltie, Timothy, Bartlett, Paul, Archer, Tom, Walshaw, Emma y Gout, Taras. (2021). Digital photographic technique for the production of an artificial eye. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 44(2), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2021.1882294
Data source: Dialnet