The effects of self-efficacy on physical and cognitive performance: An analysis of meta-certainty

  1. Horcajo, Javier
  2. Santos, David
  3. Higuero, Guillermo
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

  2. 2 Universidad IE
    info

    Universidad IE

    Segovia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02jjdwm75

Revista:
Psychology of Sport and Exercise

ISSN: 1469-0292

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 58

Páginas: 102063

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2021.102063 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Resumen

In the present research, we analyzed the effects of self-efficacy (SE) on physical and cognitive performance in real-world settings as a function of the metacognitive certainty in SE. In three studies, participants completed a measure of SE, which asked them to report how sure they were that they can achieve several specific results on various athletic and academic tasks. Moreover, general certainty in their own SE (i.e., SEC) was measured (Studies 1 and 3) or manipulated to be high versus low (Study 2). Relevantly, our studies aimed to obtain a high level of ecological validity by including athletes in natural, real-world settings (i.e., gymnasiums). Furthermore, we sought to extend the findings beyond physical performance by analyzing university students’ cognitive performance in their actual academic setting (i.e., classrooms). Specifically, physical performance was assessed with pull-ups (Study 1) and vertical jump tests (Study 2), and cognitive performance was measured with grades on exams (Study 3). As expected, SE was positively related to performance. Most importantly, we predicted and found an interaction between SE and SEC on performance. That is, the effect of SE on physical and cognitive performance was greater for participants with higher (vs. lower) metacognitive certainty in their SE. In conclusion, to increase the explanatory and predictive power of efficacy beliefs across different domains, we propose that the assessment of SE should also include measures of one’s metacognitive certainty in SE. In addition, we suggest that interventions on SE could benefit from the use of certainty inductions when including these inductions is possible and convenient.

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