Balance laboral de dos años de pandemia

  1. Ruesga, Santos M. 1
  2. Viñas, Ana I. 1
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

Journal:
Revista de derecho de la seguridad social. Laborum

ISSN: 2386-7191

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 31

Pages: 267-286

Type: Article

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More publications in: Revista de derecho de la seguridad social. Laborum

Abstract

March 2020 marked an unpredictable break in the economic cycle that Spain had finally managed to enter in 2014, after the Great Recession (2008-2013). The expansion phase initiated at that time was halted by the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in this crisis, the fall in employment and the rise in unemployment were cushioned by certain elements of protection, offering a very different picture from that of the previous Great Recession. What has motivated the maintenance of employment and the containment of unemployment throughout the pandemic? Three decisive factors are highlighted in this work. From the public sphere, the essential sectors and occupations, linked to health, education and management, among others. Secondly, also within the framework of public policies, the Temporary Redundancy Programmes (Expedientes de Regulación Temporal de Empleo - ERTEs), covering activities that could not be carried out due to restrictions. Thirdly, from the private sector (and also from public administrations), the largest contribution to sustaining employment has been in activities and occupations with remote working possibilities. In addition to their favourable impact on the labour market, these responses have contributed to the positive balance of the two years in terms of the greater weight of sectors with a higher technological and knowledge content in the country's employment structure. However, we will have to wait and see whether this is a one-off phenomenon, linked to the crisis and the circumstantial change in the production structure due to temporary needs, or whether the pandemic will serve as a turning point towards a different model, more similar to the European one, where essential public employment and occupations with a higher level of knowledge and technology will play a greater role. In this regard, the Transformation, Recovery and Resilience Plan and its implementation in the country could accompany this approach. However, looking at the situation from the point of view of those not protected by these three mechanisms (considered here as outsiders), higher unemployment rates are observed among those with lower levels of education and who are more vulnerable to shocks affecting the labour market (the long-term unemployed, young people, women). This raises the need to strengthen policies aimed at people who have been unprotected in this pandemic crisis.

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