Disnea aguda

  1. Barbero, E. 1
  2. Guerassimova, I. 1
  3. Díaz Lobato, S. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS). Madrid. España
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2019

Issue Title: Medicina de urgencias (II)Urgencias respiratorias

Series: 12

Issue: 88

Pages: 5147-5154

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2019.10.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

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Abstract

Acute dyspnea Dyspnea is a term used to characterize a subjective experience of breathing discomfort. According with its etiology it is classified in: respiratory and cardiovascular dyspnea. Both types require deeply clinical examination. Severity has to be assessed in first place, identifying warning signs and symptoms. Then, oxygen therapy would be evaluated using pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas. Once patient stability is guaranteed, detailed clinical history and complete physical examination have to be carried out. Afterwards, complementary tests must be requested in order to clarify the causes. Facing an acute dyspnea, the most common causes have to be taking into account; in case of respiratory dyspnea these are: pneumonia, COPD exacerbation, asthmatic exacerbation, pulmonary thromboembolism, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, alveolar hemorrhage, presence of a foreign body or exacerbation of diffuse interstitial disease. If cardiovascular dyspnea is suspected, it might be secondary to heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia or cardiac tamponade. Other causes of dyspnea may be related with upper airway disease produced by angioedema, anaphylaxis or cervical infection, or be secondary to neuromuscular diseases, obesity or anxiety.

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