Relación entre el maltrato infantil y las habilidades de regulación emocional en adolescentes:una revisión sistemática

  1. Cristina Bonet 1
  2. Carol Palma 1
  3. Mercè Gimeno-Santos 1
  1. 1 Universitat Ramon Llull
    info

    Universitat Ramon Llull

    Barcelona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04p9k2z50

Revista:
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

ISSN: 2340-8340

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 7

Número: 2

Páginas: 63-76

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

Resumen

Las habilidades de regulación emocional constituyen un factor transdiagnóstico de psicopatologías y pueden verse especialmente afectadas en individuos con historia de maltrato, y la adolescencia es una etapa crítica para su desarrollo y prevención. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad conceptual y metodológica en la evaluación de las habilidades de regulación emocional y las formas de maltrato dificultan comprender su relación. La presente revisión analizó la relación entre el maltrato infantil y las habilidades de regulación emocional de los adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años a través de los estudios que la exploraron, incidiendo en la relación diferencial entre las distintas tipologías de maltrato (maltrato físico, abuso sexual, maltrato emocional y negligencia) y las habilidades de regulación emocional (regulación o disregulación emocional e inteligencia emocional), así como en el papel que estas últimas ejercen sobre las problemáticas asociadas al maltrato. Se realizaron búsquedas en PsycINFO, MedLine y PsicoDoc. De los 191 estudios encontrados, 28 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se hallaron relaciones significativas y consistentes entre las medidas globales de maltrato y de disregulación emocional. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan tipos de maltrato o estrategias específicas, los resultados son dispares. Asimismo, las habilidades de regulación emocional influyen en la aparición de problemáticas asociadas al maltrato, siendo la sintomatología internalizada y las autolesiones las más exploradas. La heterogeneidad conceptual y metodológica de los estudios revisados dificultó la extracción de conclusiones sólidas respecto a las tendencias identificadas, por lo que se debe continuar explorando en esta relación.

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