Comparación entre distintos sustitutos óseos utilizados para procedimientos de elevación de seno maxilar previo a la colocación de implantes dentales

Resum

Introduction: Presently, prosthetic rehabilitation combining dental implants with bone augmentation techniques is frequently used; included amongst these is sinus floor augmentation. Despite autogenous bone being considered the gold standard of bone grafting materials, it is associated with morbidity and limited availability. The aim of this revision was to evaluate the bone substitutes for sinus floor augmentation prior to the placement of dental implants. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in the Cochrane database and Pubmed. Studies analysing graft materials for sinus floor augmentation were chosen. Results: 13 articles were selected for the revision, from which 2 groups were established for comparison; those studies based in histological and mineralisation analyses and those evaluating clinical parameters and the survival rate of the implants. Discussion: Due to the different findings of the studies, there is no material that can be considered preferable over any other. It would be desirable that future studies had longer follow-ups, larger samples, compared different graft materials and evaluated histological and clinical results simultaneously. Conclusions: Autogenous bone is still considered the gold standard of graft materials; however, it is associated with a high complication rate. Although more studies are needed, bovine hydroxiapatite and ß-tricalcium phosphate have achieved promising results.