Influencia de Variables Contextuales y Factores Extrínsecos sobre las Demandas Físicas en Fútbol Sala

Abstract

Futsal is a team sport with a series of specific and specific physical, technical and tactical demands. The need to fully understand the game in all its aspects has always been one of the main purposes of the professionals who day by day must make decisions related to the optimization of the athletes they oversee. Likewise, understanding how one of the main extrinsic factors, such as the surface on which you compete, has an influence on performance, and can be information to consider since it offers knowledge about how players behave on different surfaces of the game play. The four studies that make up this Doctoral Thesis show an analysis of the performance of different futsal athletes in different contexts in order to know the influence of multiple factors that exist in competition. The objective of study 1 was to analyze the mechanical behavior of two types of sports floorings (wooden surface and synthetic surface) used in futsal and to compare the influence of these surfaces on performance and plantar pressures in youth futsal players during an agility test with direction change actions. The objective of study 2 was to analyze the influence of time periods and playing positions on the physical requirements of elite futsal players during official matches through a local positioning system. Study 3 tried to analyze the activity profile and compare the physical demands between first and second half in elite futsal referees during official matches of the Spanish Cup through a local positioning system. And finally, the objective of study 4 was to analyze the influence of the playing positions of elite futsal players on the physical demands and the specific areas occupied on the field during official matches. The main conclusions that the studies of this Doctoral Thesis contributed were the following: the mechanical properties of a synthetic playing surface and a wooden surface showed different behaviors, with the synthetic surface having a lower impact absorption capacity. The performance of youth futsal players during the actions of direction changes in an agility test was influenced by the pavement on which they were performed. However, the plantar pressures exerted by the players did not change with respect to the surface (Study 1). The physical performance of professional futsal players did not show a decrease in the comparison of the time periods of the match. The playing position influenced the physical demands of the match, showing significantly higher values in the distances traveled at high speed for the wing position with respect to the pivot position (Study 2). The activity profile of professional futsal referees showed the alternation of prolonged periods of low and medium speed with less high speed and sprint actions. Likewise, a large number of high intensity deceleration actions were evidenced compared to acceleration actions. The performance in high intensity actions showed a decrease in the comparison of the parts of the match (Study 3). The wing position showed greater distances in all the different ranges of speed, acceleration and deceleration compared to the rest of the playing positions. Furthermore, it has been possible to identify that each playing position has specific physical demands associated with the use of the occupied space (Study 4).