Evolution of regenerative endodontic in young permanent teeth: a literature review
- Jamet, Jean-Hugues 1
- Conde, Antonio Jesus 1
- De la Hoz, Ana 1
- Pérez Alfayate, Ruth 1
- Loroño, Gaizka 1
-
Patrícia Correia Siqueira
2
- Estevez, Roberto 1
-
1
Universidad Europea de Madrid
info
-
2
Universidade Federal de Goiás
info
ISSN: 1981-3708, 0104-7914
Year of publication: 2023
Volume: 32
Issue: 91
Pages: 1-32
Type: Article
More publications in: ROBRAC: Revista Odontológica do Brasil Central
Abstract
Objective: to compare different protocols available for regenerative endodon-tic. Methodology: articles published between 2001 and 2021 were searched on the database PubMed using the following keywords: “pulp revascular-ization” or “pulp revitalization” or “apexification”. Inclusion criteria were studies on humans, patients with immature permanent teeth with necrosis or irreversible pulpitis, a follow-up of at least 12 months, clearly described protocols and in English language. Results: The search produced 944 results. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 35 were selected. 11 articles were added following a bibliographic review of the selected articles and a total of 46 cases were included. The success rate outcome for regener-ative endodontic was of 80% observed in a total of 278 teeth. During irriga-tion, NaOCL was used in most of the cases with concentration varying from 0.5% to 6% and TAP has been the most used intracanal medication (32.7%). Periapical healing and resolution of the symptoms were observed in 95.7%, while apexogenesis was observed in 80.2%. Increase in root length reach 60%, root thickness 64.8% and apical closure 61,9%. Pulp vitality was found in 7.2% of the cases and discoloration in 29.5%. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontic showed signs of apexogenesis in most cases, and a pronounced increase in root thickness, root length and closure of the apex. Due to a high number of protocols and their heterogenicity, the superiority of one over the others cannot be established. More randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the most effective protoco
Bibliographic References
- Singh RK, Kumar SR, Kumar SV, Khanna R, Singh BP, Jindal G, et al. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Interventions for managing immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps (Protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 6(6): CD012709.
- Diogenes A, Ruparel NB, Shiloah Y, Hargreaves KM. Regenerative endodontics A way forward. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016; 147(5): 372–80.
- Vishwakarma A, Sharpe P, Shi S, Ramalingam M. Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences. Elsevier: Amsterdam; 2014; p. 1-900.
- Huang GT, Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang S, Shi S. The Hidden Treasure in Apical Papilla: The Potential Role in Pulp/ Dentin Regeneration and BioRoot Engineering. J Endod. 2008; 34(6): 645–651.
- Kim SG, Malek M, Sigurdsson A, Lin LM, Kahler B. Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review. Int Endod J. 2018; 51(12): 1367– 88.
- Bakhtiar H, Esmaeili S, Fakhr Tabatabayi S, Ellini MR, Nekoofar MH, Dummer PMH. Second-generation platelet concentrate (platelet-rich fibrin) as a scaffold in regenerative endodontics: a case series. J Endod. 2017; 43(3): 401–8.
- Timmerman A, Parashos P. Delayed Root Development by Displaced Mineral Trioxide Aggregate after Regenerative Endodontics: A Case Report. J Endod. 2017; 43(2): 252–6.
- Chen YP, Jovani-Sancho MM, Sheth CC. Is revascularization of immature permanent teeth an effective and reproducible technique? Dent Traumatol. 2015; 31(6): 429–36.
- Lin LM, Kahler B. A review of regenerative endodontics: current proto - cols and future directions. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2017; 51:41–51. 27 Revisão da Literatura Rev Odontol Bras Central 2023; 32(91): 1-32 · DOI 10.36065/robrac.v32i91.1662 ISSN 1981-3708
- Diogenes AR, Ruparel NB, Teixeira FB, Hargreaves KM. Translational science in disinfection for regenerative endodontics. J Endod. 2014; 40(4 Suppl.):S52–7.
- Chubb DWR. A review of the prognostic value of irrigation on root canal treatment success. Aust Endod J. 2019; 45(1):5-11.
- Zehnder M. Root Canal Irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32(5): 389–98.
- Sim TPC, Knowles JC, Ng YL, Shelton J, Gulabivala K. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on mechanical properties of dentine and tooth surface strain. Int Endod J. 2001; 34(2): 120–32.
- Martin DE, Almeida JFA, Henry MA, Khaing ZZ, Schmidt CE, Teixeira FB, et al. Concentration-dependent effect of sodium hypochlorite on stem cells of apical papilla survival and differentiation. J Endod. 2014; 40(1):51–5.
- Demarco FF, Casagrande L, Zhang Z, Dong Z, Tarquinio SB, Zeitlin BD, et al. Effects of morphogen and scaffold porogen on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. J Endod. 2010; 36:1805-11.
- Iwaya SI, Ikawa M, Kubota M. Revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and sinus tract. Dent Traumatol. 2001; 17(4): 185-7.
- Kontakiotis EG, Filippatos CG, Tzanetakis GN, Agrafioti A. Regenerative endodontic therapy: a data analysis of clinical protocols. J Endod. 2015; 41(2):146–54.
- Nosrat A, Homayounfar N, Oloomi K. Drawbacks and unfavorable out comes of regenerative endodontic treatments of necrotic immature teeth: a literature review and report of a case. J Endod. 2012; 38(10): 1428-34.
- Ruparel NB, Teixeira FB, Ferraz CCR, Diogenes A. Direct effect of intracanal medicaments on survival of stem cells of the apical papilla. J Endod. 2012; 38(10): 1372–5.
- Galler KM. Clinical procedures for revitalization: current knowledge and considerations. Int Endod J. 2016; 49(10): 926-36.
- Iwaya SI, Ikawa M, Kubota M. Revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with periradicular abscess after luxation. Dent Traumatol. 2011; 27(1): 55-8.
- Graham L, Cooper PR, Cassidy N, Nor JE, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ. The effect of calcium hydroxide on solubilisation of bio-active dentine matrix components. Biomaterials. 2006; 27(14): 2865-73.
- Yassen GH, Vail MM, Chu TG, Platt JA. The effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root fracture and microhardness of radicular dentine. Int Endod J. 2013; 46(7): 688-95.
- Kim SG, Zhou J, Solomon C, Zheng Y, Suzuki T, Chen M, et al. Effects of Growth Factors on Dental Stem/Progenitor Cells. Dent Clin North Am. 2012; 56(3):563-75. 28 Revisão da Literatura Rev Odontol Bras Central 2023; 32(91): 1-32 · DOI 10.36065/robrac.v32i91.1662 ISSN 1981-3708
- Bezgin T, Sönmez H. Review of current concepts of revascularization/ revitalization. Dent Traumatol. 2015; 31(4): 267-73.
- Santiago CN, Pinto SS, Sassone LM, Hirata R, Fidel SR. Revascularization technique for the treatment of external inflammatory root resorption: a report of 3 cases. J Endod. 2015; 41(9): 1560-4.
- Ulusoy AT, Turedi I, Cimen M, Cehreli ZC. Evaluation of blood clot, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and platelet pellet as scaffolds in regenerative endodontic treatment: a prospective randomized trial. J Endod. 2019; 45(5): 560–6.
- American Association of Endodontists. AAE Clinical Considerations for a Regenerative Procedure. [online]. Available from: https:// www.aae.org/specialty/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/06/ ConsiderationsForRegEndo_AsOfApril2018.pdf.
- ElSheshtawy AS, Nazzal H, El Shahawy OI, El Baz AA, Ismail SM, Kang J, et al. The effect of platelet-rich plasma as a scaffold in regeneration/ revitalization endodontics of immature permanent teeth assessed using 2-dimensional radiographs and cone beam computed tomography: a randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J. 2020; 53(7): 905-21.
- Garcia-Godoy F, Murray PE. Recommendations for using regenerative endodontic procedures in permanent immature traumatized teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(1): 33-41.
- Estefan BS, El Batouty KM, Nagy MM, Diogenes A. Influence of Age and Apical Diameter on the Success of Endodontic Regeneration Procedures. J Endod. 2016; 42(11): 1620-5.
- Jung IY, Lee SJ, Hargreaves KM. Biologically based treatment of immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis: a case series. J Endod. 2008;34(7): 876-87.
- Petrino JA, Boda KK, Shambarger S, Bowles WR, McClanahan SB. Challenges in regenerative endodontics: a case series. J Endod. 2010; 36(3): 536-41.
- Jung IY, Kim ES, Lee CY, Lee SJ. Continued development of the root separated from the main root. J Endod. 2011; 37(5): 711-4.
- McTigue DJ, Subramanian K, Kumar A. Management of immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis: a case series. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35(1): 55-60.
- Lenzi R, Trope M. Revitalization procedures in two traumatized incisors with different biological outcomes. J Endod. 2012; 38(3): 411-4.
- Narayana P, Hartwell GR, Wallace R, Nair UP. Endodontic clinical management of a dens invaginatus case by using a unique treatment approach: A case report. J Endod. 2012; 38(8): 1145-8.
- Shimizu E, Jong G, Partridge N, Rosenberg PA, Lin LM. Histologic observation of a human immature permanent tooth with irreversible pulpitis after revascularization/regeneration procedure. J Endod. 2012; 38(9): 1293-7. 29 Revisão da Literatura Rev Odontol Bras Central 2023; 32(91): 1-32 DOI 10.36065/robrac.v32i91.1662 ISSN 1981-3708
- Lin LM, Shimizu E, Gibbs JL, Loghin S, Ricucci D. Histologic and histobacteriologic observations of failed revascularization/ revitalization therapy: a case report. J Endod. 2014; 40(2): 291-5.
- Nagy MM, Tawfik HE, Hashem AAR, Abu-Seida AM. Regenerative potential of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps after different regenerative protocols. J Endod. 2014; 40(2): 192-8.
- Li L, Pan Y, Mei L, Li J. Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Immature Permanent Necrotic Evaginated Teeth Treated with Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. J Endod. 2017;43(2): 246–51.
- Lin J, Zeng Q, Wei X, Zhao W, Cui M, Gu J, et al. Regenerative endodontics versus apexification in immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: a prospective randomized controlled study. J Endod. 2017; 43(11): 1821-7.
- Song M, Cao Y, Shin SJ, Shon WJ, Chugal N, Kim RH, et al. Revascularization-associated Intracanal Calcification: Assessment of Prevalence and Contributing Factors. J Endod. 2017; 43(12): 2025-33.
- Bezgin T, Yilmaz AD, Çelik BN, Sönmez H. Concentrated platelet-rich plasma used in root canal revascularization: 2 case reports. Int Endod J. 2014; 47(1): 41-9.
- Nagata JY, Gomes BP, Rocha Lima TF, Murakami LS, Faria DE, Campos GR, Souza-Filho FJ, Soares AJ. Traumatized immature teeth treated with 2 protocols of pulp revascularization. J Endod. 2014; 40(5): 606–12.
- Reynolds K, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. Pulp revascularization of necrotic bilateral bicuspids using a modified novel technique to eliminate potential coronal discolouration: A case report. Int Endod J. 2009; 42(1):84–92.
- Miller EK, Vann WF. Emerging therapies for the management of traumatized immature permanent incisors. Pediatr Dent. 2010; 34(1):66–70.
- Yang J, Zhao Y, Qin M, Ge L. Pulp revascularization of immature dens invaginatus with periapical periodontitis. J Endod. 2013; 39(2): 288–92.
- Kahler B, Kahler SL, Lin LM. Revascularization-associated Intracanal Calcification: A Case Report with an 8-year Review. J Endod. 2018; 44(12): 1792–5.
- Nosrat A, Li KL, Vir K, Hicks ML, Fouad AF. Is pulp regeneration necessary for root maturation? J Endod. 2013; 39(10): 1291-5.
- Keswani D, Pandey RK. Revascularization of an immature tooth with a necrotic pulp using platelet-rich fibrin: a case report. Int Endod J. 2013; 46(11): 1096-104.
- Peng C, Zhao Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Qin M, Ge L. Histologic findings of a human immature revascularized/regenerated tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2017; 43(6): 905-9. 30 Revisão da Literatura Rev Odontol Bras Central 2023; 32(91): 1-32 DOI 10.36065/robrac.v32i91.1662 ISSN 1981-3708
- Kahler B, Mistry S, Moule A, Ringsmuth AK, Case P, Thomson A, et al. Revascularization outcomes: a prospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases. J Endod. 2014; 40(3): 333-8.
- Asgary S, Fazlyab M, Nosrat A. Regenerative endodontic treatment versus apical plug in immature teeth: Three-year follow-up. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 40(5): 356-60.
- Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod. 2004; 30(4): 196-200.
- Thibodeau B, Trope M. Pulp Revascularization of a necrotic Infected immature permanent tooth: Case report ande review. Pediatr Dent. 2007; 29(1): 47-50.
- Cotti E, Mereu M, Lusso D. Regenerative treatment of an immature, traumatized tooth with apical periodontitis: report of a case. J Endod. 2008; 34(5): 611-6.
- Thibodeau B. Case report: pulp revascularization of a necrotic, infected, immature, permanent tooth. Pediatr Dent. 2009; 31(2): 145-8. Ding RY, Cheung GS pan, Chen J, Yin XZ, Wang QQ, Zhang CF. Pulp revascularization of immature teeth with apical periodontitis: a clinical study. J Endod. 2009; 35(5): 745-9.
- Shin SY, Albert JS, Mortman RE. One step pulp revascularization treatment of an immature permanent tooth with chronic apical abscess: a case report. Int Endod J. 2009; 42(12): 1118-26.
- Nosrat A, Seifi A, Asgary S. Regenerative endodontic treatment (revascularization) for necrotic immature permanent molars: a review and report of two cases with a new biomaterial. J Endod. 2011; 37(4): 562-7.
- Dabbagh B, Alvaro E, Vu DD, Rizkallah J, Schwartz S. Clinical complications in the revascularization of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2012; 34(5): 414-7.
- Sönmez IS, Akbay OA, Erkmen AM. Revascularization/regeneration performed in immature molars: case reports. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013; 37(3): 231-4.
- Martin G, Ricucci D, Gibbs JL, Lin LM. Histological findings of revascularized/revitalized immature permanent molar with apical periodontitis using platelet-rich plasma. J Endod. 2013; 39(1): 138-44.
- Soares ADJ, Lins FF, Nagata JY, Gomes BPFDA, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, et al. Pulp revascularization after root canal decontamination with calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel. J Endod. 2013; 39(3): 417- 20.
- Chen X, Bao ZF, Liu Y, Liu M, Jin XQ, Xu XB. Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature permanent tooth at an early stage of root development: A case report. J Endod. 2013; 39(5): 719-22. 31 Revisão da Literatura Rev Odontol Bras Central 2023; 32(91): 1-32 DOI 10.36065/robrac.v32i91.1662 ISSN 1981-3708
- Shimizu E, Ricucci D, Albert J, Alobaid AS, Gibbs JL, Huang GTJ, et al. Clinical, radiographic, and histological observation of a human immature permanent tooth with chronic apical abscess after revitalization treatment. J Endod. 2013; 39(8): 1078-83.
- Becerra P, Ricucci D, Loghin S, Gibbs JL, Lin LM. Histologic study of a human immature permanent premolar with chronic apical abscess after revascularization/revitalization. J Endod. 2014; 40(1):133-9.
- Mccabe P. Revascularization of an immature tooth with apical periodontitis using a single visit protocol: a case report. Int Endod J. 2015; 48(5): 484–97.
- Sachdeva GS, Sachdeva LT, Goel M, Bala S. Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature tooth with a necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA): a case report. Int Endod J. 2015; 48(9): 902-10.
- Wang Y, Zhu X, Zhang C. Pulp revascularization on permanent teeth with open apices in a middle-aged patient. J Endod. 2015; 41(9): 1571-5.
- Ray HL, Marcelino J, Braga R, Horwat R, Lisien M, Khaliq S. Long- term follow up of revascularization using platelet-rich fibrin. Dent Traumatol. 2016; 32(1): 80-4.
- Zhujiang A, Kim SG. Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature necrotic molar with arrested root development by using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor: a case report. J